Industrial Organization and Regional Development in Interwar Britain
研究了两次世界大战期间英国老工业区缺乏产业多样化的原因，发现大型企业尚未发展到能向萧条地区大量设立分厂的程度，且1930年代行业进入壁垒和限制性做法高企，阻碍了结构调整。
Developments in industrial organization contributed to the lack of diversification in Britain's older industrial areas during the interwar period. The large-scale firm had not yet developed in appropriate industries to the point where large numbers of branch plants could be sent to the depressed areas (as they were after World War II), even if interwar macroeconomic policy had been more expansionary. At the industry level, barriers to new entrants and restrictive practices were high in the 1930s, precisely the period when the need for structural change in the depressed areas was most apparent.