Comparisons with a Standard in Simulation Experiments
研究如何通过模拟实验比较多个随机系统与一个标准系统的期望性能，提供两阶段实验设计和分析方法，处理系统间方差不等及公共随机数使用问题。
We consider the problem of comparing a finite number of stochastic systems with respect to a single system (designated as the “standard”) via simulation experiments. The comparison is based on expected performance, and the goal is to determine if any system has larger expected performance than the standard, and if so to identify the best of the alternatives. In this paper we provide two-stage experiment design and analysis procedures to solve the problem for a variety of scenarios, including those in which we encounter unequal variances across systems, as well as those in which we use the variance reduction technique of common random numbers and it is appropriate to do so. The emphasis is added because in some cases common random numbers can be counterproductive when performing comparisons with a standard. We also provide methods for estimating the critical constants required by our procedures, present a portion of an extensive empirical study, and demonstrate one of the procedures via a numerical example.