International trade and firm-level markups when location and quality matter
估计企业加成率，检验一个包含异质企业和内生加成率的国际贸易模型的微观预测，发现加成率与生产率正相关、与当地竞争强度负相关，且出口企业加成率更高。
In this article, we estimate firm-level markups and test some micro-level predictions of a model of international trade with heterogeneous firms and endogenous markups. Our theoretical framework is an extended version of the Melitz and Ottaviano (<cross-ref type="bib" refid="lbu045-B34">2008</cross-ref>, <it>Review of Economic Studies</it> 75, 295–316) (MO) model that features both quality and spatial differentiation across firms. In line with our model, we find that firm markups are positively related to firm productivity and negatively related to the toughness of local competition. Considering the relationship between firm markups and exports, we find evidence that markups are higher for exporters, what appears to indicate that the quality-enhancing channel overbalances the price-depressing channel of global competition.