Into the Black Box: The Knowledge Transformation Cycle
提出知识转化循环模型，解释复杂技术与产品开发中知识整合的路径依赖问题，基于两个实证研究揭示知识管理的新视角。
This paper examines how knowledge is integrated in complex technology and product development settings. By framing the task of knowledge integration as a cycle, we highlight the inability of current knowledge transfer theories to explain the consequences that arise from the path-dependent nature of knowledge. We compare the complexity of this knowledge integration task to previous efforts in terms of its novelty and the organizational properties of specialization and dependence that are required. Drawing on evidence from two empirical studies, we outline three stages of the “knowledge transformation cycle,” which addresses the complexity of this integration task. We conclude with the implications of this knowledge transformation cycle on our understanding of knowledge management and organizational learning.