Competition between Private and Public Schools, Vouchers, and Peer-Group Effects
构建了一个理论计算模型，分析税收资助的公立学校与竞争性私立学校共存时的均衡，发现学校质量呈严格等级，学生按能力和收入分层，教育券会扩大私立部门并加剧分层，对高能力学生更有利。
A theoretical and computational model with tax-financed, tuition-free public schools and competitive, tuition-financed private schools is developed. Students differ by ability and income. Achievement depends on own ability and on peers' abilities. Equilibrium has a strict hierarchy of school qualities and two-dimensional student sorting with stratification by ability and income. In private schools, high-ability, low-income students receive tuition discounts, while low-ability, high-income students pay tuition premia. Tuition vouchers increase the relative size of the private sector and the extent of student sorting, and benefit high-ability students relative to low-ability students.