Scale Development and Construct Clarification of Servant Leadership
基于文献回顾开发服务型领导量表，通过80位领导和388位评估者的数据验证，最终提取出利他召唤、情感治愈、说服性映射、智慧和组织管理五个因子，并检验了其与变革型领导、领导-成员交换等变量的关系。
This article presents an integrated construct of servant leadership derived from a review of the literature. Subscale items were developed to measure 11 potential dimensions of servant leadership: calling, listening, empathy, healing, awareness, persuasion, conceptualization, foresight, stewardship, growth, and community building. Data from 80 leaders and 388 raters were used to test the internal consistency, confirm factor structure, and assess convergent, divergent, and predictive validity. Results produced five servant leadership factors—altruistic calling, emotional healing, persuasive mapping, wisdom, and organizational stewardship—with significant relations to transformational leadership, leader-member exchange, extra effort, satisfaction, and organizational effectiveness. Strong factor structures and good performance in all validity criteria indicate that the instrument offers value for future research.