Trust and Contractual Relations in an Emerging Capitalist Economy: The Changing Trading Relationships of Ten Large Hungarian Enterprises
研究了匈牙利十家大型企业在1989年后从计划经济向市场经济转型过程中，企业间契约关系的变化，发现其更接近日本模式而非英国模式，反映了产品、市场和组织的有限变革以及相互债务依赖。
Inter-firm relationships vary greatly between capitalist economies as a result of institutional differences, especially in forms of trust and prevalent mechan isms of ensuring that commercial agreements are kept. The transformation of the command economies of Eastern Europe since 1989 and the intensification of competition in their major markets might be expected to destroy previous connections between suppliers and customers and generate instead short-term, ad hoc contractual relationships. However, this study of ten large enterprises in Hungary found that contractual relations between them tended to be more similar to the Japanese firms studied by Sako in her Prices, Quality and Trust (1992) than to the British ones. This seems to reflect the limited extent of change in products, markets and organizational structures of these firms — and the gradual approach to transformation adopted in Hungary as a whole — as well as their specialization in particular industrial branches and their high degree of mutual dependence through debt. Continued dependence on the state has meant that competition between these firms for political support remains important and so they compete more across industrial sectors than within them.