Alternative Approaches for Studying Organizational Change
根据组织是实体还是过程、研究采用方差法还是过程法两个维度，将组织变革研究分为四种方法，认为它们互补而非对立，综合运用能更全面理解组织变革。
Scholars hold different views about whether organizations consist of things or processes and about variance or process methods for conducting research. By combining these two dimensions, we develop a typology of four approaches for studying organizational change. Although the four approaches may be viewed as opposing or competing views, we see them as being complementary. Each approach focuses on different questions and provides a different — but partial — understanding of organizational change. We argue that coordinating the pluralistic insights from the four approaches provides a richer understanding of organization change than any one approach provides by itself.