Industrialization and Fertility in the Nineteenth Century: Evidence from South Carolina
利用1881-1900年南卡罗来纳州纺织厂建立的数据，发现工业化使生育率下降6-10%，主要源于移民家庭，其纺织业就业和儿童死亡率更高，且与大家庭分离可能增加了育儿成本。
Economists frequently hypothesize that industrialization contributed to the United States’ nineteenth-century fertility decline. I exploit the circumstances surrounding industrialization in South Carolina between 1881 and 1900 to show that the establishment of textile mills coincided with a 6–10 percent fertility reduction. Migrating households are responsible for most of the observed decline. Higher rates of textile employment and child mortality for migrants can explain part of the result, and I conjecture that an increase in child-raising costs induced by the separation of migrant households from their extended families may explain the remaining gap in migrant-native fertility.