On the Ethics and Economics of Organized Citizenship
探讨非营利组织声称的利他公民身份背后的伦理问题，指出如同市场失灵和政府失灵，公民社会也存在“公民失灵”，所有社会部门均不完美。
Nongovernmental organizations, charities and civil associations that purport to provide care, education and other ethical services without a profit motive represent themselves to the public as altruistically exercising citizenship. Their moral credentials seem impeccable. Yet many things are not what they appear to be, or what they should be, in what we may call ‘organized citizenship’. To follow the trail, we might make use of modern economics, whose recognition of ‘market failures’ has given way (via public choice theory) to the increasingly accepted reality of ‘government failure’. It may now be time to admit that there is also something like ‘civic failure’. For if all three sectors of society—business, government and civil organizations—are needed, they are also all imperfect.