Random Profits and Duality
指出，在确定性条件下推导的对偶生产模型，为计量目的随机化时，若输入需求误差代表影响产出的优化误差，则常见的对偶方法无法得到一致的供给与需求，导致可积性条件失效。
Abstract Dual production specifications derived under certainty are typically randomized for econometric purposes with ad hoc error specifications. This article shows that such approaches can cause integrability conditionsto fail. In particular, if errorsin input demands represent errorsin optimization that affect output, then typical dual approachesdo not yield congruent suppliesand demands.