State, bureaucracy and change in India
讨论印度国家与官僚体制的性质，质疑1980年代流行的官僚阶级主导论，认为实证证据并不完全支持该观点，并呼吁构建更完善的理论框架来理解国家与官僚的角色。
The article discusses the nature of the Indian state and of the Indian bureaucracy. During the 1980s, it was widely believed that the Indian bureaucracy constituted a dominant class and that this dominance is the root cause of economic stagnation. When confronted with empirical evidence, this assertion seems less convincing. The complex picture that emerges of the Indian state does not totally contradict the dominant view. This complexity points to a need for a more elaborated theoretical understanding of the role of the state and of the public bureaucracy. The article concludes by sketching the outlines of such a possible revised theoretical framework.