Markets with Consumer Switching Costs
分析消费者转换成本如何使原本同质的产品在购买后产生差异，寡头垄断下的非合作均衡可能等同于无转换成本时的合谋结果，而未来合谋利润的预期会加剧早期市场份额竞争。
Ex ante homogeneous products may, after the purchase of one of them, be ex post differentiated by switching costs including learning costs, transaction costs, or "artificial" costs imposed by firms, such as repeat-purchase discounts. The nonco-operative equilibrium in an oligopoly with switching costs may be the same as the collusive outcome in an otherwise identical market without switching costs. However, the prospect of future collusive profits leads to vigorous competition for market share in the early stages of a market's development. The model thus explains the emphasis placed on market share as a goal of corporate strategy.