Content, Process, and Effects of Participative Decision Making on the Shop Floor: Three Cases in the Netherlands
研究了荷兰三家工厂车间层面参与式决策（工作协商）的内容、过程和效果，并检验了权变变量对参与和结果之间关系的调节作用，结果对权变模型在参与效果研究中的适用性提出质疑。
This article discusses the experiences with participative decision making on the shop floor ("work consultation") in three Dutch organizations. Work consultation is characterized in terms of content, process, and effects. Besides the moderating effect of a number of contingency variables on the relation between participation and outcome variables is researched. The results lead to questioning the usefulness of a contingency model in research on the effects of participation.