Toward a Goal Orientation–Based Feedback-Seeking Typology
基于目标导向理论，将反馈寻求分为四种类型（自我正面、自我负面、他人正面、他人负面），并发现学习导向与自我负面、自我正面和他人正面反馈寻求正相关，而自我负面反馈寻求与工作绩效、角色清晰和社会整合正相关。
In this study, we conceptualized four types of feedback seeking about self and others (i.e., self-positive, self-negative, other-positive, and other-negative) based on their foci (i.e., self or peers) and nature (i.e., positive or negative), as derived from goal orientation theory. In a series of field studies, we found that these four types of feedback seeking were distinct from each other. A learning orientation was positively related to self-negative, self-positive, and other-positive feedback seeking. A performance-approach orientation was positively related to self-positive and other-negative feedback seeking. On further examining the performance impacts of the four types of feedback-seeking, we found that self-negative feedback seeking was positively related to job performance, role clarity, and social integration. Self-positive feedback seeking was negatively related, whereas other-positive feedback seeking was positively related to job performance.