Mechanisms and Impacts of Gender Peer Effects at School
利用同一学校相邻年级间性别构成的随机变化，发现女生比例提高能改善男生和女生的学业成绩，其机制是减少课堂混乱与暴力、改善师生关系并减轻教师疲劳。
We present in this paper evidence about the effects and mechanisms of gender peer effects in elementary, middle, and high schools. For identification, we rely on idiosyncratic variations in gender composition across adjacent cohorts within the same schools. We find that an increase in the proportion of girls improves boys and girls' cognitive outcomes. These academic gains are mediated through lower levels of classroom disruption and violence, improved inter-student and student-teacher relationships, and lessened teachers' fatigue. We find no effect on individual behavior, which suggests that the positive effects of girls on classroom environment are mostly due to compositional change.