Consumption vulnerability to risk in rural Pakistan
利用巴基斯坦西北边境省两期家庭面板数据，研究农村家庭应对负收入冲击的能力，发现年长、无地、无定期汇款的家庭消费平滑能力更差。
Abstract As one of the dimensions of vulnerability, this paper empirically investigates the inability of rural dwellers to cope with negative income shocks. A variable coefficient regression model is applied to a two-period household panel dataset collected in the North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan, an area with high incidence of income poverty and low human development. The empirical model allows for a different ability to smooth consumption, approximated by a linear function of households’ attributes, and controls for the endogeneity of observed changes in income, using qualitative information on subjective risk assessment. Estimation results show that the ability to cope with negative income shocks is lower for households that are aged, landless and do not receive remittances regularly.