DO HEALTHCARE REPORT CARDS CAUSE PROVIDERS TO SELECT PATIENTS AND RAISE QUALITY OF CARE?
利用宾夕法尼亚州冠状动脉搭桥手术报告卡实施初期的信息不对称，检验报告卡是否提升了护理质量或导致医院选择患者，发现死亡率仅下降0.05个百分点，表明质量未改善且无患者选择行为。
We exploit a brief period of asymmetric information during the implementation of Pennsylvania's 'report card' scheme for coronary artery bypass graft surgery to test for improvements in quality of care and selection of patients by healthcare providers. During the first 3 years of the 1990 s, providers in Pennsylvania had an incentive to bias report cards by selecting patients strategically, with patients having no access to the report cards. This dichotomy enables us to separate providers' selection of patients from patients' selection of providers. Using data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we estimate a nonlinear difference-in-differences model and derive asymptotic standard errors. The mortality rate for bypass patient decreases by only 0.05 percentage points because of the report cards, which we interpret as evidence that quality of bypass surgery did not improve (at least in the short-term) nor did patient selection by providers occur. Our timing, estimation, and asymptotics are readily applicable to many other report card schemes.