Marketed outputs and non-marketed ecosystem services: the evaluation of marginal costs
提出评估绿色支付计划成本效益的新方法，考虑农业生产与非市场生态系统服务之间的互补、补充和竞争关系，利用英国农场面板数据实证分析，发现两者生物物理联系对边际成本有重要影响。
We provide a new approach for assessing the cost effectiveness of green payment schemes. We allow for complementary, supplementary and competitive relationships between agricultural production and non-marketed ecosystem services generation. Our theoretical model distinguishes three theoretical cases depending on the minimum level of the non-marketed ecosystem services. These cases are empirically investigated using a flexible transformation function and farm-level panel data from the UK. We find that the biophysical connections between the non-marketed ecosystem services and market activities have important implications for marginal costs.