Public Goods and Ethnic Divisions
建立模型分析城市中族群偏好差异如何影响公共品供给，并用美国城市、都会区和县域数据证实：族群碎片化程度越高，生产性公共品（教育、道路等）支出占比越低，表明族群冲突是地方财政的重要决定因素。
We present a model that links heterogeneity of preferences across ethnic groups in a city to the amount and type of public goods the city supplies. We test the implications of the model with three related data sets: U. S. cities, U. S. metropolitan areas, and U. S. urban counties. Results show that the shares of spending on productive public goods—education, roads, sewers and trash pickup—in U. S. cities (metro areas/urban counties) are inversely related to the city's (metro area's/county's) ethnic fragmentation, even after controlling for other socioeconomic and demographic determinants. We conclude that ethnic conflict is an important determinant of local public finances.