Exit, voice and the evolution of industrial districts: the case of the post-World War II economic development of Prato
运用赫希曼的退出-发声框架分析工业区发展，以二战后普拉托为例，揭示工业区竞争优势如何持续，以及集体行动在应对外部变化中的作用。
In this paper, the Hirschmanian exit–voice approach is applied to the development of industrial districts. The analysis of the post‐World War II evolution of the Prato district helps to make explicit how the industrial district competitive advantage can be reproduced over time during periods of regular development. In addition, the exit–voice polarity helps in understanding also the specific difficulties that industrial districts face in responding to major changes in their external circumstances. In particular, the case examined sheds light on the role that conscious collective action has in permitting the successful adjustment of a local system.