Conservation Payments, Liquidity Constraints, and Off‐Farm Labor: Impact of the Grain‐for‐Green Program on Rural Households in China
利用面板数据评估中国退耕还林计划对农户劳动配置的影响，发现参与家庭逐渐将劳动力从农业转向非农就业，且效果因初始人力与物质资本水平而异，原因之一是计划缓解了流动性约束。
Abstract This study evaluates the labor response of rural households participating in the Grain‐for‐Green program in China, the largest payments for ecosystem services program in the developing world. Using a panel data set that we designed and implemented, we find that the participating households are increasingly shifting their labor endowment from on‐farm work to the off‐farm labor market. However, the effects vary depending on the initial level of human and physical capital. The results support the view that one reason why the participants are more likely to find off‐farm employment is because the program is relaxing households' liquidity constraints.