The Development of Property Rights on Frontiers: Endowments, Norms, and Politics
研究了无人区吸引经济活动时产权如何演变，分析首批占有者如何建立事实产权以及政府何时提供法律产权，并应用于澳大利亚、美国和巴西的边疆案例。
How do property rights evolve when unoccupied areas attract economic use? Who are the first claimants on the frontier and how do they establish their property rights? When do governments provide de jure property rights? We present a conceptual framework that addresses these questions and apply it to the frontiers of Australia, the United States, and Brazil. Our framework stresses the crucial role of politics as frontiers develop by identifying situations where the competition for land by those with de facto rights and those with de jure rights leads to violence or potential conflicts.