ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS: THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBSIDIARY INITIATIVES
研究了跨国公司子公司的主动性，将其定义为公司创业的关键表现。通过分析六个子公司的39个案例，识别出四种主动性类型，并指出子公司层面的创业能增强本地响应、全球学习和全球整合，同时揭示了情境机制在塑造差异化子公司角色上的局限性。
This paper defines initiative as a key manifestation of corporate entrepreneurship, and examines the types of initiative exhibited in a sample of six subsidiaries of multinational corporations. From a detailed analysis of 39 separate initiatives, four distinct types are identified, which we refer to as ‘global,’ ‘local,’ ‘internal’ and ‘global–internal hybrid,’ to correspond to the locus of the market opportunity whence each arose. Two important conclusions are indicated. First, entrepreneurship at the subsidiary level has the potential to enhance local responsiveness, worldwide learning and global integration, a much broader role than previously envisioned. Second, the use of contextual mechanisms to create differentiated subsidiary roles has its limitations because each initiative type is facilitated in different ways. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.