The Risks and Rewards of Criminal Activity: A Comprehensive Test of Criminal Deterrence
通过分析黑人内城青年犯罪活动的风险-回报权衡，发现逮捕、定罪和监禁的风险溢价占犯罪收入的一半到三分之二，为犯罪威慑假说提供了有力支持。
Whereas previous analyses of criminal deterrence have focused on the effect of criminal enforcement on crime rates, this study analyzes the existence of compensating differentials for criminal pursuits. Analyzing the risk-rewards trade-off, this approach represents a more comprehensive test of the criminal deterrence hypothesis. The sample consisted of black inner-city youths who reported their participation, income, and self-assessed risks from crime. The risk premiums for the three principal adverse outcomes (arrest, conviction, and prison) constituted between one- half and two-thirds of all crime income on the average, providing strong support for the criminal deterrence hypothesis. Copyright 1986 by University of Chicago Press.