Last Hired, First Fired? Unemployment and Urban Black Workers During the Great Depression
研究大萧条期间美国城市黑人失业率高于白人的现象，发现男性差异主要源于职业地位不同，而女性即使在相同职业中失业率也更高，暗示劳动力市场歧视的作用。
Throughout the Great Depression, the unemployment rates of blacks exceeded those of whites in urban areas of both North and South. Among men, this difference was largely due to racial differences in occupational status, whereas among women, unemployment rates were dramatically higher for blacks even within specific occupations. The occupational pattern of the unemployment gap suggests that labor market discrimination played a role, especially in unskilled service jobs.