Office Design and the Behavior of Senior Managers
研究预测同事在场与否会超越开放式或封闭式办公室的影响，改变高级管理者的行为。路径分析支持了这一观点，并发现上级的可见性和可听性及其他办公人员的存在对管理者行为有直接和间接影响。
In this study of office design it was predicted that the presence or absence of office co-workers would influence the behavior of senior managers, over and above the effects of their occupation of open or closed offices. This proposition was supported by a path analysis which was used to derive a descriptive model of the task performance and friendliness of a sample of senior managers. In particular, it was also found that the visibility and audibility of a manager's superior and the presence of other office occupants have both direct and indirect effects on managerial behavior.