Technological Competition and the Structure of the Computer Industry
研究了三十年计算机行业市场结构，解释主导企业为何长期存在、近期衰落以及新进入者成功与否的变化，强调平台间技术竞争而非企业间竞争的重要性。
We examine thirty years of computer industry market structure. Our analysis explains the persistence of dominant computer firms, their recent decline, and the changing success of competitive entry. It emphasizes the importance of technological competition between computer ‘platforms’, not firms. This aspect of competition has changed little over time. Two things did change. Young platforms serving newly founded segments eventually challenged established platforms across segment boundaries through a process of indirect entry. Vertically disintegrated platforms have led to divided technical leadership in important segments. The result is an industry with far more technological competition.