Momentum Accounting and Managerial Goals on Impulses
提出动量会计概念，用收入变化率（动量）及其变动原因（冲量）替代传统收入指标，并建议以此为基础设定管理目标，以解决传统收入目标鼓励短期行为和奖励前任成果的问题。
Conventional accounting measures wealth W (assets and liabilities) and accounts for its net change, W(t + 1) − W(t), by means of income ΔW(t), classified into various revenue and expense items. Proposed “momentum accounting” measures income momentum Ẇ = dW/dt (time rate at which income is being earned at a given point in time) and accounts for its net change, Ẇ(t + 1) − Ẇ(t), by means of impulses ΔẆ(t). Here the impulses, a term borrowed from the momentum-impulse principle in mechanics, are classified into various factors, internal or external to the enterprise, that contributed to the momentum change. If conventional accounting is viewed as focusing on an odometer of a car, momentum accounting is analogous to focusing on its speedometer and attributing the change in its reading to impulses that are judged to be responsible for the change. This paper proposes impulse-based managerial goals as a substitute for currently popular income-based managerial goals, discussing problems associated with the latter that highlights short-term income achievements and that tends to reward management for the momentum created by their predecessors as it is realized as income by the mere passage of time.