Matching Supply to Demand: Crop Production and Disposal by English Demesnes in the Century of the Black Death
利用庄园账目考察中世纪领主庄园的市场参与，发现生产决策受市场间接影响，而处置决策更多受庄园制度和交易成本影响，许多领主更倾向直接供应自家消费而非市场化。
Manorial accounts allow detailed investigation of the market involvement of medieval seignorial demesnes. Production decisions taken locally emerge as strongly, if indirectly, influenced by the market. Disposal decisions, in contrast, were much more a matter of estate policy and therefore of institutional factors. Probably because of differential transaction costs, many lords preferred to provision their households directly from their estates rather than sell the bulk of their produce and purchase most of their provisions. The forces promoting commercialization within the seignorial arable sector appear to have been stronger at the opening than the close of the fourteenth century.