Geography and High-Tech Employment Growth in US Counties‡
研究了美国县域中地理因素对高科技就业增长的影响，发现产业集聚效应为负，而城市化效应和靠近大城市有正面作用，大学主要通过培养人力资本而非知识溢出促进增长。
This article investigates the role of geography in high-tech employment growth across US counties. The geographic dimensions examined include industry cluster effects, urbanization effects, proximity to a research university and proximity in the urban hierarchy. Growth is assessed for overall high-tech employment and for employment in selected high-tech subsectors. Econometric analyses are conducted separately for samples of metropolitan and nonmetropolitan counties. Among our primary findings, we do not find evidence of positive localization or within-industry cluster growth effects, generally finding negative growth effects. We instead find evidence of positive urbanization effects and growth penalties for greater distances from larger urban areas. Universities also appear to play their primary role in creating human capital rather than knowledge spillovers for nearby firms. Quantile regression analysis confirms the absence of within-industry cluster effects and importance of human capital for counties with fastest growth in high-tech industries.