How Do Competitive Pressures Affect Incentives to Innovate When There Is a Market for Inventions?
研究竞争与知识产权保护如何互补影响创新激励：当知识产权可占有且存在发明市场时，竞争压力会增强创新激励；反之则可能减弱。
Competition and intellectual property (IP) protections are complements in stimulating innovation. When IP is appropriable, a market for inventions forms and competitive pressures increase incentives to innovate. Competition among producers, the demand side of the market for inventions, and competition among inventors, the supply side of the market for inventions, create incentives to innovate. When IP is not fully appropriable, markets for inventions are limited and competitive pressures can decrease incentives to innovate. Firms vertically integrate R&D and production and share technology to appropriate the returns to IP. This implies that antitrust policy and IP protections are complements.