Learning together and apart: A model of reciprocal interfirm learning
回顾企业间学习过程，提出一种以知识创造而非知识转移为目标的新型联盟形式，基于社会学和心理学理论构建了包含趋同、趋异和再定向的演化模型。
This article reviews the processes involved in interfirm learning and identifies an alternative form of alliance in which the objective is knowledge creation, not knowledge acquisition or transfer. Grounded on theories from sociology (relational governance) and educational psychology (jigsaw), the article develops an evolutionary model in which successive learning cycles of convergence, divergence, and reorientation facilitate knowledge creation and innovation.