Clearing the Air? The Effects of Gasoline Content Regulation on Air Quality
研究美国汽油成分管制对臭氧污染的影响，发现联邦灵活标准未改善空气质量，而加州精准严格的管制显著有效。
This paper examines whether US gasoline content regulations, which impose substantial costs on consumers, have successfully reduced ozone pollution. We take advantage of spatial and temporal variation in the regulations' implementation to show that federal gasoline standards, which allow refiners flexibility in choosing a compliance mechanism, did not improve air quality. This outcome occurred because minimizing the cost of compliance does not reduce emissions of those compounds most prone to forming ozone. In California, however, we find that precisely targeted, inflexible regulations requiring the removal of particularly harmful compounds significantly improved air quality.