Crafting a Job: Revisioning Employees as Active Crafters of Their Work
提出员工通过改变认知、任务和关系边界来主动塑造工作，即“工作塑造”，并构建模型解释其动机、形式及对个人和组织的影响。
We propose that employees craft their jobs by changing cognitive, task, and/or relational boundaries to shape interactions and relationships with others at work. These altered task and relational configurations change the design and social environment of the job, which, in turn, alters work meanings and work identity. We offer a model of job crafting that specifies (1) the individual motivations that spark this activity, (2) how opportunities to job craft and how individual work orientations determine the forms job crafting takes, and (3) its likely individual and organizational effects.