On the Empirical Content of Quantal Response Equilibrium
证明量化反应均衡（QRE）在无额外假设时无法被证伪，即能合理化任何行为分布，并讨论在附加假设下检验QRE的方法。
The quantal response equilibrium (QRE) notion of Richard D. McKelvey and Thomas R. Palfrey (1995) has recently attracted considerable attention, due in part to its widely documented ability to rationalize observed behavior in games played by experimental subjects. However, even with strong a priori restrictions on unobservables, QRE imposes no falsifiable restrictions: it can rationalize any distribution of behavior in any normal form game. After demonstrating this, we discuss several approaches to testing QRE under additional maintained assumptions.