Annual Inequality and Lifetime Inequality
推导了一个终身收入不平等的估计量，仅需一年收入分布数据即可计算，并用于分析美国1947年以来不平等水平与趋势。
An estimator of inequality in lifetime incomes is derived. It can be computed for a population from the distribution of incomes in one year. As a result, the estimates are as easily calculated as measurements of annual inequality, but can be used as measurements of lifetime inequality. Estimates from this measure and two others have been computed for selected years since 1947. The results are compared by their implications for the level and trend of inequality in the United States.