Economic Integration as Competitive Discipline
用一个模型说明，经济一体化能否促进竞争取决于外国企业的成本高低：若外国企业是低成本生产者，一体化会增强竞争；若其是高成本生产者且初始关税较低，一体化反而会抑制竞争。这对关注贸易自由化与竞争政策关系的学者有参考价值。
This paper reexamines the standard notion that economic integration will promote competition. Using an illustrative model, it is shown that integration will indeed enhance competition if the foreign firm is the low-cost producer. But if the foreign firm is the high-cost producer, integration will retard competition if the initial tariff level is low. The results of this paper suggest that trade liberalization does not always provide competitive discipline. Competition policy must still be actively enforced even when economies are becoming increasingly open. Copyright 1992 by Economics Department of the University of Pennsylvania and the Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association.