Beyond the Threshold: An Analysis of the Characteristics and Behavior of Early Reaper Adopters
分析了大量新数据，发现许多小规模农户是早期收割机购买者，且地方市场和合作服务交换等制度演变促进了快速扩散，挑战了传统农场模型。
This article analyzes a large quantity of new data documenting the actual characteristics and behavior of early reaper adopters. It shows that a surprisingly large number of small-scale farmers were among the early purchasers and that institutional evolution—the emergence of local markets and cooperative exchanges for reaper services—encouraged rapid diffusion. These findings call into question the standard interpretation of northern farms as self-contained production units and, more specifically, challenge the usefulness of both the farm-specific-threshold model and the family-labor-constraint model.