STOCHASTIC TECHNOLOGY IN A PROGRAMMING FRAMEWORK: A GENERALISED MEAN‐VARIANCE FARM MODEL
将均值-方差方法扩展到包含随机技术的规划框架中，用于分析苏丹灌溉多作物农场中劳动力投入的风险效应，发现雇佣劳动和经营者劳动对不同作物的风险影响相反，且允许劳动力选择影响生产风险时供给弹性更大。
Production uncertainty is important in studying behaviour of risk‐averse firms and developing successful agricultural policies. A model that extends the standard Mean‐Variance (E‐V) method to incorporate stochastic technology in a proscriptive programming framework is developed, and risk effects of factor inputs are measured for the irrigated multi‐crop farming system in the Sudan. Hired labour is found to be risk increasing in cotton and sorghum but risk reducing in groundnuts. Operator labour is found to be risk reducing in cotton and sorghum but risk increasing in groundnuts. Supply responses are derived from a nonlinear programming model of agricultural producer decisions and it is found that supply responses are more elastic when labour choices are allowed to influence production risks.