Forging Ahead and Falling Behind: The Rise and Relative Decline of the First Industrial Nation
探讨英国为何未能保持经济增长领先地位而被美国超越，回顾了计量史学研究成果，认为19世纪初英国增长潜力低，而20世纪初美国增长模式不同，自然资源、本地化学习和国际要素迁移是美国超越英国的关键。
This paper considers Britain's failure to maintain its lead in economic growth in the face of overtaking by the United States. Recent cliometric research is reviewed and it is argued that early nineteenth century Britain had a low growth potential by twentieth century standards and that the American growth of the early twentieth century was of a quite different kind. Neither traditional nor new growth theories can encompass this experience and it is suggested that natural resource endowments, location-specific learning processes, and the international migration of factors of production were central aspects of American overtaking of Britain.