The Impact of Race on Policing and Arrests
研究了城市警察队伍的种族构成与逮捕种族模式的关系，发现少数族裔警察增加会显著提高对白人的逮捕数量，而对非白人逮捕影响不大；白人警察增加则提高对非白人的逮捕，但不影响对白人的逮捕，这一现象在轻微犯罪中尤为明显。
Race has long been recognized as playing a critical role in policing. In spite of this awareness, there has been little previous research that attempts to quantitatively analyze the impact of officer race on tangible outcomes. In this paper, we examine the relationship between the racial composition of a city’s police force and the racial patterns of arrests. Increases in the number of minority police are associated with significant increases in arrests of whites but have little impact on arrests of nonwhites. Similarly, more white police increase the number of arrests of nonwhites but do not systematically affect the number of white arrests. These patterns are particularly striking for minor offenses. Understanding the reasons for this empirical regularity and the consequent impact on crime is an important subject for future research.