Rank friction: an ordinal approach to persistent profitability
提出一种基于排名稳定性的序数方法（排名摩擦指数Rf），用于研究企业盈利能力的持续性，并在12个行业40年的利润数据中进行了实证检验。
Abstract We present an ordinal method for studying persistence in firm profitability. The method is based on the degree of stability in a ranked performance distribution over time. The method gives a numerical index of rank friction (Rf) that can be applied to any ranked data over any period of time. Rf is nonparametric and can be used to test theoretical assumptions in strategic management. We illustrate the method in an empirical study of 40 years of profit data in 12 industries. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.