Surprising but true: Half the decisions in organizations fail
研究发现美国和加拿大中大型组织中一半的决策失败，原因在于管理者强加解决方案、限制选择范围并利用权力推行计划；而明确行动需求、设定目标、广泛搜索方案并让关键人员参与则更易成功。
Executive Overview Half the decisions in organizations fail. Studies of 358 decisions in medium to large organizations in the U.S. and Canada reveal that these failures can be traced to managers who impose solutions, limit the search for alternatives, and use power to implement their plans. Managers who make the need for action clear at the outset, set objectives, carry out an unrestricted search for solutions, and get key people to participate are more apt to be successful. Tactics prone to fail were used in two of every three decisions that were studied.