An Overview of the Logic and Rationale of Hierarchical Linear Models
这篇入门文章解释了分层线性模型的逻辑和原理，介绍了估计策略，并通过假设的研究问题展示了典型的多水平模型分析步骤，适合组织研究者了解如何处理嵌套数据。
Due to the inherently hierarchical nature of organizations, data collected in organizations consist of nested entities. More specifically, individuals are nested in work groups, work groups are nested in departments, departments are nested in organizations, and organizations are nested in environments. Hierarchical linear models provide a conceptual and statistical mechanism for investigating and drawing conclusions regarding the influence of phenomena at different levels of analysis. This introductory paper: (a) discusses the logic and rationale of hierarchical linear models, (b) presents a conceptual description of the estimation strategy, and (c) using a hypothetical set of research questions, provides an overview of a typical series of multi-level models that might be investigated.