The design of patent pools: the determinants of licensing rules
预测并检验了专利池的许可规则，发现互补专利池更可能允许独立许可，且回授条款常与互补性和独立许可并存。
Patent pools are an important but little‐studied economic institution. In this article, we first make a set of predictions about the licensing terms associated with patent pools. The theoretical framework predicts that (i) pools consisting of complementary patents are more likely to allow members to engage in independent licensing and (ii) the requirement that firms license patents to the pool (grantbacks) should be associated with pools that consist of complements and allow independent licensing. We then examine the terms of 63 pools, and show that licensing rules are consistent with these hypotheses.