The Welfare State, Budgetary Pressure and Labour Market Shifts
构建了一个分析框架，研究预算压力和劳动力市场对低技能工人的不利冲击如何影响最优社会转移规模，并对比了美国式有限福利国家与欧洲大陆式广泛福利国家的不同影响。
Public debate about the welfare state in OECD countries has emphasized the need for reform to meet a twofold set of shocks: budgetary pressure and a labour market shift against unskilled workers. The aim of the paper is to set out a framework for examining the implications of these shocks for the optimal scale of social transfers and, in particular, the impact on different societies, distinguishing a restricted welfare state, labelled “the United States” and a more extensive welfare state, labelled “Continental Europe”.