Encounter Groups: Positive Change or Deterioration? More Data and a Partial Replication
复制了Lieberman等人关于会心团体负面效应的研究，发现10%的参与者被归类为受负面影响，但其中7%同时有积极体验，仅3%纯负面，提示成长过程可能伴随不适。
Several recent articles have concluded that 8% to 10% of participants in encounter groups can be classified as casualties and up to 50% reap a negative benefit. However, these articles investigate negative benefit. Using the Lieberman, Yalom, and Miles criteria of two peer nominations or a self-nomination for identifying a participant's experience, 10% of 327 participants in 39 trainerless T groups were classified as negatively affected and 54% as positively affected. Of the 10% classified as having a negative experience, 7% were also classified as having had a positive experience, leaving only 3% with solely a negative experience. It may be that some discomfort is inherent in the growth process. Future research on encounter groups might investigate the positive as well as the negative aspects and how these experiences aid in overall growth.