Environmental resettlement and development, on the steppes of Inner Mongolia, PRC
研究了世界银行等机构提出的“搬迁与发展”理念在中国内蒙古环境搬迁项目中的实际含义，发现国家将市场参与视为实现物质发展的主要途径。
Abstract The World Bank, other development institutions and a few countries, like China, have elaborated resettlement policies which envisage Resettlement with Development (RwD). However, the understanding of Development embodied in the discourse of RwD is confused. After distinguishing between the concepts of development as outcome and development as process, we investigate two projects of environmental resettlement in Inner Mongolia, PRC. The planning and implementation of these projects reveal the state's interpretation of RwD. There has been some Development (outcome) in some places, notably improvements in material well-being. However, the processes of development have been more extensive, involving increased participation in markets for produce and labour. The state, we conclude, identifies involvement with markets as the principal means of achieving material Development outcomes.