NESTED FISCAL IMPACT MEASURES USING THE NEW THEORY OF LOCAL PUBLIC GOODS*
利用地方公共品理论的最新进展，提出了比简单乘数更完整的嵌套式财政影响度量方法，并应用于温哥华警察服务数据，证明简单乘数不可靠。
ABSTRACT In this paper, we use recent advances in the theory of local public goods to develop more‐complete measures of the fiscal impacts of population change. Each fiscal impact measure extends the average‐cost‐based simple multiplier. The service‐based impact measure accounts for the public service production function. The local welfare measure further allows the size of the public budget to vary. The global welfare measure additionally introduces interneighborhood substitution of public services. These four nested measures are calculated for police servims in Vancouver. We demonstrate that the commonly used simple multiplier is an unreliable estimator of fiscal impacts.